Explore the interconnected systems that sustain life in our oceans. From sunlit surface waters to the mysterious deep sea, discover how each ecosystem functions and supports unique communities of life.
Each depth zone creates unique conditions that shape the ecosystems within
Biodiversity hotspots often called the "rainforests of the sea." Built by coral polyps over thousands of years, these structures provide habitat for approximately 25% of marine species.
Underwater forests formed by large brown algae. These ecosystems are among the most productive on Earth, growing up to 18 inches per day and providing shelter for numerous marine species.
Covering over 90% of the ocean's volume, this vast ecosystem is home to migratory species and complex food webs. Nutrient availability varies greatly by depth and location.
Characterized by complete darkness, high pressure, and cold temperatures. Life here has evolved remarkable adaptations including bioluminescence and extreme pressure tolerance.
Salt-tolerant trees that form dense coastal forests. These ecosystems serve as crucial nursery grounds for many marine species and provide coastal protection from storms.
How ocean ecosystems interact and depend on each other
Deep sea upwelling brings nutrients to surface waters, supporting phytoplankton growth that forms the base of marine food webs.
Many species move between ecosystems seasonally, connecting distant habitats through their life cycles.
Oceans absorb heat and CO2, with different ecosystems playing unique roles in global climate regulation.
Coastal ecosystems like mangroves and oyster reefs filter pollutants and improve water quality for adjacent habitats.
Interactive visualization of energy flow through marine ecosystems